機場能見度氣象站是在(zai)機(ji)(ji)場地(di)面(mian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)很重要的(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監測(ce)設(she)備之(zhi)一，機(ji)(ji)場地(di)面(mian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，能見度(du)(du)是重要的(de)(de)安全指(zhi)標，飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起飛(fei)和(he)降(jiang)(jiang)落，都需要足夠清(qing)晰(xi)的(de)(de)能見度(du)(du)才能保(bao)障安全進行，而(er)且機(ji)(ji)場地(di)面(mian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)濕(shi)度(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)風速風向和(he)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)也有(you)比較(jiao)大的(de)(de)影響，地(di)面(mian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)或者降(jiang)(jiang)雪(xue)量(liang)如果較(jiao)大，地(di)面(mian)很滑，飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起飛(fei)降(jiang)(jiang)落也會產生一定的(de)(de)風險，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)機(ji)(ji)場能見度(du)(du)氣象站的(de)(de)作用(yong)就很重要。

　　機場能見度氣象站對環境能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)比較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用，其原理及(ji)基(ji)本結構大氣能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)探(tan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)又稱為能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi),主要有(you)(you)透射(she)(she)(she)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi)(又稱透射(she)(she)(she)表)和散射(she)(she)(she)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi)兩種,其中透射(she)(she)(she)表和散射(she)(she)(she)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)前向(xiang)式(shi)應用最為廣(guang)泛(fan),能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi)屬(shu)于前向(xiang)散射(she)(she)(she)能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi),是(shi)繼透射(she)(she)(she)式(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)儀(yi)后發展起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)新一代氣象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)見(jian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)備,可以作為獨立設(she)備使用,也(ye)可以作為一個(ge)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)項(xiang)目(mu)接入到新型(xing)自(zi)動氣象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)站(zhan)使用。作為常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)站(zhan),在地(di)面氣象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)業務(wu)系統中得(de)到了廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運用,各類觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)器和傳感(gan)器更(geng)是(shi)自(zi)動站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心,為采集數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)、高速性(xing)和存(cun)儲(chu)數據的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性(xing)都提(ti)供了堅(jian)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。

　　機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)能(neng)見度氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)站共(gong)分(fen)為4大部(bu)分(fen):采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、通(tong)訊系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。采集(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)負責自動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)站所有數據的(de)(de)收(shou)集(ji)(ji)、存(cun)(cun)儲及分(fen)析運(yun)算(suan),采集(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)為專(zhuan)業(ye)采集(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)。傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是根據不同(tong)的(de)(de)觀測(ce)需(xu)要,配置不同(tong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi),用(yong)以測(ce)量(liang)相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)要素。通(tong)訊系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)將采集(ji)(ji)核(he)心處理(li)后的(de)(de)數據傳(chuan)輸到計算(suan)機(ji)(ji),可使用(yong)有線通(tong)訊和無線通(tong)訊兩(liang)種。供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為整個自動(dong)(dong)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)站系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)行(xing)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)電(dian)(dian)力。一般分(fen)為交流(liu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)、太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)和交流(liu)與太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)并用(yong)的(de)(de)3種方式。機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)能(neng)見度氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)站專(zhuan)門用(yong)于機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)跑道氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)數據的(de)(de)采集(ji)(ji)、計算(suan)處理(li)和存(cun)(cun)儲等，為航空安全提供(gong)(gong)氣(qi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)服(fu)務，應(ying)用(yong)于各類機(ji)(ji)場(chang)(chang)。

　　機場能見度氣象站常規監(jian)測(ce)的環(huan)境(jing)要素(su)包括(kuo)：場(chang)面(mian)氣(qi)壓(ya)，氣(qi)溫，相對濕(shi)度(du)，風(feng)速(su)，風(feng)向，能見(jian)度(du)，降(jiang)水量等，支持(chi)對風(feng)、場(chang)面(mian)氣(qi)壓(ya)、云高、跑道(dao)視(shi)程及(ji)其他常規氣(qi)象(xiang)要素(su)的實時監(jian)測(ce)，精(jing)準(zhun)度(du)高，性(xing)能穩(wen)定(ding)，適合于(yu)機場(chang)跑道(dao)、公路、橋梁(liang)及(ji)隧道(dao)等氣(qi)象(xiang)環(huan)境(jing)狀況的監(jian)測(ce)。